Tween microfibrils in type I cell walls, it is reasonable to

Tween microfibrils in type I cell walls, it is reasonable to suggest that a relatively low abundance of XyG has a similar function in type II cell walls. Thus, it seems that XyG plays a similar role in the cell walls of both plants with type I and type II cell walls, and it seems that under normal situations, this role is only observed to be non-redundant in root hair development.Fig. 8. GUS reporter gene expression in transgenic plants expressing the OsXXT1 promoter-GUS constructs. (A) Callus; (B) Leaf (2-week-old seedlings); (C) Flower (3-month-old seedlings); (D) Root (2-week-old seedlings); (E) Longitudinal section of root tip (2-week-old seedlings). (A ) Bar=1 mm; (E) Bar=20 m.OsXXT1 exhibited a similar short root hair phenotype as the Arabidopsis xxt1 xxt2 double mutant. Moreover, constitutive expression of OsXXT1 in the Arabidopsis xxt1 xxt2 double mutant partially complemented the growth phenotype and XyG synthesis, which demonstrates that OsXXT1 possess xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase activity.Sulindac However, the Arabidopsis xxt1 xxt2 double mutant complemented with a 35S::OsXXT1 transgenic line contained a relatively low abundance of XyG oligosaccharides, especially lacking galactose modified XyG (XLG and XXLG). This result suggests that the xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase activity of OsXXT1 may not be exactly the same as AtXXT1 and AtXXT2. Although the proportions and structure of XyG vary between type I and type II cell walls, all flowering plants studied to date contain XyG in their primary cell walls (Hsieh and Harris, 2009). It is has been observed that the XET activity of epidermal cells in root elongation zones and trichoblasts of diverse species of vascular plants is high (Vissenberg et al.Gefapixant , 2003).PMID:31085260 It is possible that the active form of XET is involved in the restructuring of XyG to regulate root hair development in all vascular plants. OsXXT1 is preferentially expressed in epidermal cells of primary, adventurous, and lateral roots (Fig. 7E, S3). The expression pattern supports the hypothesis that XyG synthesis and modification in root epidermal cells is critical for cell wall development in the root hairs of all plants. Recently, a root hair specific galacturonic acid containing XyG has been discovered in Arabidopsis and the lack of this galacturonic acid containing XyG resulted in a short hair phenotype (Pena et al., 2012). Therefore, XyG is aSupplementary dataSupplementary data are available at JXB online Figure S1. Growth performance of srh2 mutant and wildtype (cv Kasalath, kas) plants. The seedlings were growth at nutrient solution (pH 5.5) for 7 d and examined under an electron microscope. Figure S2. Confirmation the single nucleotide mutation of srh2 by dCAPS marker. A, The PCR fragment of WT contained three Nco I site, whereas mutation of srh2 eliminate one NcoI site (red colour). B, Electrophoresis of NcoI-digested PCR product. The red arrows indicated specific digested fragment of wild-type and mutant samples. Figure S3. Protein sequence alignment of putative xyloglucan 6-xylosyltransferase in Arabidopsis and rice. The transmembrane and glycosyltransferase domains were indicated by red box and black line, respectively. Figure S4. The expression of OsXXT1 in complementation Arabidopsis by RT-PCR. Figure S5. A, Transverse section of root mature region of OsXXT1::promoter GUS plants. Bar=20 m. Table S1. Primers used in this research.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Key Basic Research Special Foundation.