Ound to become present be motif belonging to the PA14 domain Epa1 from C. glabrata,

Ound to become present be motif belonging to the PA14 domain Epa1 from C. glabrata, where it really is involved in within the N-terminal domain of Epa1 from C. glabrata, exactly where it’s involved in carbohydrate carbohydrate binding. This motif is comparable for the VSWGT pentapeptide in Flo1p from binding. This motif is comparable towards the VSWGT pentapeptide in Flo1p from S. cerevisiae S. cerevisiae [91]. The VSWGT motif of Flo1p as well as the EYDGA motif are present inside the same [91]. The within a hypervariable area in the PA14 domainpresent inside the same position position VSWGT motif of Flo1p and the EYDGA motif are [93]. The VSWGT/KVLAR motif of Flo1p/Lg-Flo1p as well as the EYDGA motif of Epa1p represent a surface loop betweenPathogens 2021, ten,5 oftwo -strands, 9 and ten, inside the structure of your anthrax toxin PA domain [88]. Adhesins using a GLEYA domain possess a typical N-terminal signal peptide as well as a domain of conserved sequence repeats but lack GPI anchor attachment signals [91]. Nonetheless, it was demonstrated for Epa1 that the GPI anchor is essential each for cross-linking in the cell wall and for Epa1-mediated adherence [45,94]. The GLEYA domain contains a conserved motif G(M/L)(E/A/N/Q)YA, hence the name GLEYA. Determined by sequence homology, it was suggested that the GLEYA domain would predominantly contain -sheets, which was later confirmed by the solved structures of Epa1p and Epa9p (Table 1) [92,95].Pathogens 2021, 10,6 ofTable 1. Protein structures of flocculation adhesins deposited within the Protein Data Bank (PDB, ww.rcsb.org accessed on two September 2021).Flo Adhesin Class/WZ8040 Biological Activity Subtype YTX-465 References Flo-type/PA14Flo-type/PA14 Flo-type/PA14 Adhesin N-Flo1p N-Lg-Flo1p N-Flo5p Micro-Organism S. cerevisiae S. pastorianus S. cerevisiae Ligand in the Structure Apo Man Apo Man-1,2-Man Apo Man Man3 (D1) Man5 (D2-3) Man-1,2-Man Man-1,2-Man Glc Gal Gal-1,3-Glc Gal-1,3-Glc Gal-1,3-GalNAc (T antigen) Gal-1,3-GalNAc (T antigen) Gal-1,4-Glc (lactose) Glycerol Glycerol Gal-1,4-Glc (lactose) Gal-1,3-GalNAc (T-antigen) N-acetyl-D-lactosamine Lacto-N-biose 1-3-galactobiose Gal-1,4-Glc Gal-1,3-GlcNAc Gal-1,4-GlcNAc Glycerol Mutations S277A E227D, Y228N E227D, Y228N, D229N R226I, E227G, Y228K PDB Code 4LHL 4LHN 4GQ7 4LHK 2XJQ 2XJP 2XJT 2XJR 2XJS 2XJU 2XJV 4A3X 4AF9 4AFC 4ASL 4D3W 4COU 4AFA 4AFB 4COU 4COW 4COY 4COZ 4COV 4CP0 4CP1 4CP2 4UYR 4UYS 4UYT 5FV5 5FV6 Interacting Substrate/ Function Properties Cell-cell interaction by means of cell surface mannans Cell-cell interaction through cell surface mannans and phospho-mannans Refs [93] [93] [96] [93] [97] [97] [97] [97] [97] [97] [97] [92] [95] [95] [95] [98] [98] [95] [95] [98] [98] [98] [98] [98] [69] [69] [69] [99]Cell-cell interaction by way of cell surface mannansFlo-type/GLEYAN-Epa1pC. glabrataEpithelial cells, fibronectin, mucinN-Epa6pC. glabrataEpithelial cellsN-Epa9pC. glabrataEpithelial cellsFlo11-typeN-ScFlo11pS. cerevisiaeCell-cell and cell-hydrophobic plastic adhesion by way of hydrophobic interactions, biofilm formation, kin discrimination Cell-cell adhesion interactions, biofilm formation, kin discriminationFlo11-typeN-KpFloK. pastoris # Deposited in PDB but not but published. # Komagataella pastoris.Pathogens 2021, 10,7 ofSeveral in the N-terminal adhesion domains with the PA14 variety Flo proteins were solved (Table 1), i.e., N-Flo5p [100] and N-Flo1p from S. cerevisiae [93] (Figure 2A), and N-LgFlo1p from S. pastorianus [93,96]. The atomic structures of N-Flo1p, N-Lg-Flo1p, N-Flo5p, N-Epa1p, N-Epa6p, and N-Epa9p are extremely similar (Figure 2). The key physique of thes.