Nditions on extraction Yield and Composition of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil--Modelling, Optimization and Extraction

Nditions on extraction Yield and Composition of Nigella sativa L. Seed Oil–Modelling, Optimization and Extraction Kinetics with regards to Fatty Acid and Thymoquinone Content material. Molecules 2021, 26, 6419. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/molecules26216419 Academic Editor: Stefano Cardea Received: 7 MNITMT Inhibitor October 2021 Accepted: 22 October 2021 Published: 24 OctoberAbstract: Nigella sativa L. is cultivated in numerous regions and its seeds have found use in variety of foods, but also in regular medicine due to high content material of biologically active essential oils. In this function optimization of supercritical carbon dioxide extraction from N. sativa seeds was performed utilizing response surface methodology to describe the influence of extraction conditions on oil yield. Kinetics of oil and thymoquinone extraction were analyzed too. It was demonstrated that in order to gather thymoquinone-rich N. sativa oil fraction, proper for health-related applications, the extraction ought to be carried out at 40 C and 105 MPa. Following application of higher pressure of 35 MPa enables efficient extraction of remaining oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids suitable for use in meals business. Thymoquinone-dependent antibacterial activity from the N. sativa seed oil was observed against bacterial pathogens: Haemophilus influenzae, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis and Escherichia coli. Keywords: Nigella sativa; thymoquinone; supercritical fluid extraction; response surface methodology; antibacterial activity1. Introduction Nigella sativa L. (NS), known as black cumin or black seed, belongs to Ranunculaceae loved ones and is definitely an annual herbaceous plant cultivated mostly in North-East Africa, Middle East, South-East Asia and also in some European nations. The nutritional value and characteristic taste of your NS seeds and seed oil make for their use as food ingredients in numerous cuisines as they constitute an abundant source of unsaturated fatty acids, essential oils, saponins, alkaloids, glycolipids, and fat-soluble vitamins [1]. Moreover, the NS seeds are a rich supply of biologically active compounds [4] and, in diverse types, have already been applied in classic medicines of Middle and Far East to treat a vast wide variety of conditions, including: hypertension, asthma, diabetes, inflammation, fever, kidney or liver disfunctions, cough, eczema or influenza [5]. The dominant contribution for the biological activity of NS seeds is attributed to thymoquinone (TQ) [4,five,eight,9]. A few of its properties reported in recent research are antioxidant [10,11], anti-inflammatory [7], anti-cancer [12,13], smooth muscle relaxant [14], antifungal [15] and antibacterial activity [169]. The chemical structure of thymoquinone is shown on Figure 1. Many tactics happen to be implemented to extract biologically active compounds from plant material. Traditional techniques involve solvent extraction, Soxhlet extraction or steam Olesoxime MedChemExpress distillation, even though supercritical fluid extraction has been created and applied in analysis also as for industrial purposes far more recently [20,21]. Supercritical fluids have density and solubility characteristic for a liquid, whilst the price of diffusion, compressibility,Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.Copyright: 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access write-up distributed below the terms and circumstances of.