Tion, confers tolerance to many antimicrobial agents, protects cyanobacterial nitrogenase in the harmful effects of

Tion, confers tolerance to many antimicrobial agents, protects cyanobacterial nitrogenase in the harmful effects of oxygen and gives protection against some phagocytic protozoa.Charged and hydrophobic exopolysaccharides mediates the accumulation of nutrients from the environment, sorption of xenobiotics and recalcitrant components.They market polysaccharide gel formation resulting in ion exchange, mineral formation and the accumulation of toxic metal ions (hence collectively contributing to environmental detoxification).Non glycolytic extracellular enzyme interaction with exopolysaccharides results in retention stabilization and accumulation.Lipopolysaccharides (isoprenoid glycosyl carrier lipids), which lipoglyco conjugate, mediates the releases cellular material as a result of metabolic turnover.Exopolysaccharides stores excess carbon beneath unbalanced carbon to nitrogen ratios.Water retentionCohesion of biofilmsNutrient sourceProtective barrierSorption of organic Compounds and inorganic ions Binding of enzymes Export of cell elements Sink for excess energyInt.J.Mol.Sci.Table .Some human disease related with bacteria biofilms.Human Illness Cystic fibrosis pneumonia Otitis media Periodontitis Dental caries Musculoskeletal infections Necrotizing fasciitis Bacterial prostatitis Urinary catheter cystitis Biliary tract infection Meloidosis Biofilm Bacteria P.aeruginosa and Burkholderia cepacia Haemophilus influenzae (Nontypable strains) Gram negative anaerobic oral bacteria Streptococcus spp.as well as other acidogenic Gram constructive cocci Staphylococci as well as other Grampositive cocci Group A streptococci E.coli and also other Gramnegative bacteria E.coli as well as other Gramnegative rods E.coli along with other enteric bacteria Pseudomonas pseudomallei.Bacterial Exopolysaccharides Antigen Bacterial exopolysaccharides are contextually limited to all types of polysaccharides synthesized and secreted into cellular external atmosphere which may well remain loosely attached for the surface (capsule) or totally detached.Polysaccharide capsular constituents (polysaccharides andor glycolconjugates of protein and lipids) represents important surface antigens for slimy bacteria and their role in pathogenicity have been extensively investigated .Nevertheless, as a result of the good diversity shown by the exopolysaccharides with respect to monomeric units, linkages, and unique structures, varied immunogenic responses are elicited and these antigenic properties are inclusive in serologic grouping of bacteria .This is seen in Enterobacteriaceae where more than PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21600948 unique serotypes of E.coli have been identified according to capsular polysaccharide antigen (K antigens).Capsular polysaccharide antigenicity cuts across Gram status divide; that is reflected in N.meningitidis, E.coli and Salmonella typhi (Gramnegatives) and Staphylococcus spp.and Streptococcus spp.(Grampositive).Capsular polysaccharide based bacterial (-)-Neferine site serotyping is predicated on reactivity of certain antibodies, typically generated in animals, making use of reference strains of particular species, together with the culpable bacteria.The polysaccharides structural diversity results in many kinds of antibody reactivities as reflected inside the significant numbers of serotypes located within bacteria with the similar species.Table shows some clinically important bacteria, linked ailments, nomenclature of capsules plus the number of identified serotypes determined by capsular polysaccharides.Epidemiologically, bacterial serotyping has been of excellent significance because it is often a.