ECortes, 2009 [32] No No No No No Suggested mediation mechanisms examined No three covariates

ECortes, 2009 [32] No No No No No Suggested mediation mechanisms examined No three covariates integrated, probably lacks significant confounding variables No No No NoNoNoUnclearAcceptableSomewhat early Yes Somewhat early Lots of years from exposure to outcome Yes YesLittle No Validation of outcome measure Crude LittleDonovan, 2011 [33]NoVaguely described Yes Yes Yes2015 The Authors. Addiction published by John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.Duncan, 2011 [34] Fergusson, 1995 [47]No NoOn the smaller side Smaller GFT505 biological activity Acceptable Acceptable Acceptable LargeYes Yes Yes Yes YesLittle Tiny Small No No Small SomeGuo, 2001 [35]NoNo Additive effect implied NoHawkins, 1997 [36]NoInfluence of parental drinkingLatendresse, 2008 [48] YesNot described Vaguely described YesConstruction and validity not clear Two aspects (comparable for parents and children) modelledAddiction, 111, 204(Continues)Table 2. (Continued)Study qualities favourable to causal inferenceAuthor, year, reference No No Huge No Yes NoMain concentrate on parentTheory-driven analyses offspring drinking aimed at assessing association causality Identification of important confounding components Sample size Relevant periodExposure measure gradedAssessment of parental drinking interactionNotes on outcome measure Low-prevalent outcome and substantial missing dataCapacity for causal inference LittleIngeborg Rossow et al.Macleod, 2008 [49]NoMares, 2011 [43] No Incredibly modest Vaguely described Yes NoYesNoOn the decrease sideYesYesNoSomePears, 2007 [37]YesAdjacent survey years combinedSomeNo No No No No Compact No Tiny No Yes No Large YesSuggested modelling effects by way of alcohol communication Suggested indirect effects via parental discipline and offspring’s inhibitory manage No No Significant Yes Partly Partly No No No NoLittle Tiny Little LittleNoNo2015 The Authors. Addiction published by PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21325470 John Wiley Sons Ltd on behalf of Society for the Study of Addiction.Poelen, 2007 [44] Poelen, 2009 [45] Tyler, 2006 [38] Webster, 1989 [39]NoAddiction, 111, 204Influence of parental drinkingTable 3 Principal findings in research with some capacity for causal inference. Very first author, publication year Alati, 2014 [42] Main findings and estimates Adjustment for confounding factorsIncreased maternal and paternal drinking (on a five-category ordinal scale) at 13.5 years predicted a higher (compared to a reduced) drinking trajectory group by means of ages 15.five and 17.5. Paternal drinking: OR = 1.40, maternal drinking: OR = 2.77. These associations did not differ for boys and girls Latendresse, 2008 [48] Parental (most probably paternal) drinking behaviour at offsprin’s age 11 predicted offspring’s drinking behaviour 3 and six.five years later (at ages 14 and 17.five). Larger total impact at 17.five years ( = 0.222) than at age 14 ( = 0.038). As hypothesized, each effects mediated partly by parental monitoring and discipline; more so at age 14 Mares, 2011 [43] Paternal, but not maternal, frequency of alcohol use in the previous 4 weeks was linked positively with child’s excessive drinking (frequency of 5+ drinks in previous 4 weeks) 3 years later in direct path models of each younger and older sibling (ages 13 and 15 at T1), = 0.160.17. Paternal, but not maternal, alcohol-related issues (a sum-score scale) were also linked with offspring excessive drinking 3 years later in direct path models of both sibling, = 0.13.14. In contrast to a priori hypotheses, both paternal and maternal alcohol-related problems predicted extra rather.