D colleagues [3], in this study the recurrent breakpoint in PHF23 wasD colleagues [3], in

D colleagues [3], in this study the recurrent breakpoint in PHF23 was
D colleagues [3], in this study the recurrent breakpoint in PHF23 was always identified at the beginning of exon 4 and not within it (Fig. 1a and b). To assess the incidence of NUP98-PHF23 fusion in pediatric CN-AML, we examined through RT-PCR analysis and Sanger sequencing a validation cohort of 168 AML children enrolled in the AIEOP AML 2002/01 study [4]; one-hundred thirty-nine patients (76 males and 63 females, median age at diagnosis 7.7 years, range 17 days to 17.9 years) were negative for known recurrent genetic abnormalities involving MLL, CBFB, and FLT3, while the remaining 29 patients (15 males and 14 females, median age at diagnosis 11.8 years, range 3 to 17.4 years) harbored internal tandem duplication of FLT3 (FLT3-ITD), this latter abnormality being chosen because we previously reported a strong association between NUP98-NSD1 rearrangement and FLT3-ITD [5]. With the exception of FAB M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia), all the FAB types were represented in the validation cohort. RNA was extracted from fresh bone marrow at diagnosis, and multiplex RT-PCR was used. Sequencing by Sanger method was applied to all cases?2015 Togni et al. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative XAV-939 biological activity Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Togni et al. Journal of Hematology Oncology (2015) 8:Page 2 ofFig. 1 Identification of NUP98-PHF23 in pediatric CN-AML. a Schematic representation of NUP98-PHF23 fusion identified by RNA-seq in pediatric CN-AML. Fusion occurs between exon 13 of NUP98 and exon 4 of PHF23. b Electropherogram from Sanger sequencing of the region surrounding the breakpoint confirmed the in-frame fusion. A black arrow indicates the fusion breakpoint, PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27735993 predicted sequence of the fusion protein is shown. c FISH analysis was performed on metaphases and interphase cells using three BlueFISH probes (BlueGnome Ltd., Cambridge), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. BAC clones RP11-120E20 and RP11-348A20 (red) were used to probe the NUP98 gene on chromosome 11, while the BAC clone RP11-542C16 (green) was used to target the PHF23 gene on chromosome 17. Normal metaphases (upper left) and interphase nuclei (upper right) showed two red signals representing normal copies of NUP98 and two green signals representing normal copies of PHF23. Abnormal metaphases (lower left) and interphase cells (lower right) containing the NUP98-PHF23 fusion gene showed one red (NUP98), one green (PHF23) and one yellow fusion signal, which represents the juxtaposition of the translocated portions of the two genespositive by PCR to NUP98-PHF23 fusion gene. Overall, 2 out of 139 CN-AML cases were found to harbor NUP98-PHF23 (Table 1). NUP98-PHF23 was not found in any patient harboring FLT3-ITD. Fluorescence in-situ hybridization confirmed the cryptic chromosomal translocation t(7;11)(p15;p13) leading to the fusion between NUP98 and PHF23 in all cases (Fig. 1c). So far, many NUP98-rearrangements have been found to be associated with both de novo and therapy-related AML but also with T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia with over 28 different partner genes [6]. Recently, thefusion NUP98-JARID1A has.