trifuged and the supernatant was added to the microcentrifuge spin column. The MedChemExpress SKI II column was subjected to low speed centrifugation, and finally 300 ml of sample buffer was added to the column and incubated 1 hr at room temperature. The membrane fraction was collected 12098599” by centrifugation and was subjected to immunoblot analysis. Data Analysis Data were analyzed with InStat. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test were used to assess the differences between groups. P,0.05 
was considered to be statistically significant. Acknowledgments We wish to thank Dr. V. Ganapathy, Medical College of Georgia for helpful discussions. Supporting Information Expression of redox family members in aA crystallin KO and WT mice. Changes in redoxin mRNA and protein in WT and aA crystallin KO retina. mRNA and Author Contributions Conceived and designed the experiments: PGS RK DRH. Performed the experiments: PGS CS. Analyzed the data: PGS SPCC RK DRH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SPCC. Wrote the paper: PGS SJR SPCC RK DRH. References 1. Gehrs KM, Anderson DH, Johnson LV, Hageman GS Age-related macular degenerationemerging pathogenetic and therapeutic concepts. Ann Med 38: 450471. 2. Cai X, McGinnis JF Oxidative stress: the achilles’ heel of neurodegenerative diseases of the retina. Front Biosci 17: 19761995. 3. Markovets AM, Saprunova VB, Zhdankina AA, Fursova AZh, Bakeeva LE, et al. Alterations of retinal pigment epithelium cause AMD like retinopathy in senescence-accelerated OXYS rats. Aging 3: 4454. 4. Zhu D, Wu J, Spee C, Ryan SJ, Hinton DR BMP4 mediates oxidative stress-induced retinal pigment epithelial cell senescence and is overexpressed in age-related macular degeneration. J Biol Chem 284: 95299539. 5. Zhu D, Deng X, Xu J, Hinton DR What determines the switch between atrophic and neovascular forms of age related macular degeneration – the role of BMP4-induced senescence. Aging 1: 740745. 6. Picard E, Houssier M, Bujold K, Sapieha P, Lubell W, et al. CD36 plays an important role in the clearance of oxLDL and associated age-dependent subretinal deposits. Aging 2: 981989. 7. Courtois Y The role of CD36 receptor in the phagocytosis of oxidized lipids and AMD. Aging 2: 888889. 8. Zhao C, Vollrath D mTOR pathway activation in age-related retinal diseases. 6178174 Aging 3: 346347. 9. Ballatori N, Krance SM, Notenboom S, Shi S, Tieu K, et al. Glutathione dysregulation and the etiology and progression of human diseases. Biol Chem 390: 191214. 10. Mari M, Morales A, Colell A, Garcia-Ruiz C, Fernandez-Checa JC Mitochondrial glutathione, a key survival antioxidant. Antioxid Redox Signal 11: 26852700. 11. Armstrong JS Mitochondria-directed therapeutics. Antioxid Redox Signal 10: 575578. 12. Minich T, Riemer J, Schulz JB, Wielinga P, Wijnholds J, et al. The multidrug resistance protein 1, but not Mrp5, mediates export of glutathione and glutathione disulfide from brain astrocytes. J Neurochem 97: 373384. 13. Leier I, Jedlitschky G, Buchholz U, Center M, Cole SP, et al. ATPdependent glutathione disulphide transport mediated by the MRP gene-encoded conjugate export pump. Biochem J 314: 433437. 14. Widder JD, Guzik TJ, Mueller CF, Clempus RE, Schmidt HH, et al. Role of the multidrug resistance protein-1 in hypertension and vascular dysfunction caused by angiotensin II. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 27: 762768. 15. Cole SP, Deeley RG Transport of glutathione and glutathione conjugates by MRP1. Trends Pharmacol Sci 27: 438446. 16. Aukunuru JV, Sunkara G, Bandi N, Thoreson WB,
M2 ion-channel m2ion-channel.com
Just another WordPress site
