N than not reduce the salience of gendered structural constraints in

N than not reduce the salience of gendered structural constraints in modern workplaces. At the same time, access to supportive policies alone may not fully eliminate gendered patterns, given the resilience of shared beliefs and expectations about gender and work in American culture. Because shared gender beliefs still prescribe women greater responsibility for Lixisenatide supplier caregiving and men greater responsibility for earning, work-family policies designed to restructure employer expectations around earner-caregiver employees are more directly relevant to women’s experiences than men’s. As a result, men may be less likely to recognize the ways that the availability of such policies could broaden their own options for organizing work and family responsibilities.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAm Sociol Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 February 01.Pedulla and Th audPageEmpirical PredictionsThe two theoretical claims articulated above ?that both men and women would ideally prefer egalitarian relationships if it were a possible option and that institutional arrangements, such as supportive work-family policies, have the power to further shape these relationship p
Consanguineous unions (CU) are common in many countries of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, including Pakistan (1-3). Populations practising such marriages include not only those isolated by geographical or sociocultural factors but also cultures where CU is a preferred choice (3,4). Various reasons advocated in favour of CU include economic benefits and the protection of property/land. It is also a common argument that marriage among close relatives offers advantages in terms of close family ties, compatibility of the bride with husband’sCorrespondence and reprint requests: Dr. Sajid Malik Assistant Professor Human Genetics Program Department of Animal Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan Email: [email protected] Fax: +92-51-family, stable relationships, and a low divorce rate (5). Another reason for CU is the ease of marriage arrangements (5,6). Various religious sects consider marriages among close kins a part of their faith. For instance, certain families in Pakistan, particularly the Syed are reluctant to marry the non-Syed (7-9). The practice of consanguineous marriages is influenced by cultural, social, economic, religious, geographic and demographic factors (9-11). It is generally perceived that consanguinity is more prevalent among the underprivileged in the society. Hussain and Bittles observed a negative association between CU and maternal education in the Muslim population of India (12). Liascovich et al. recruited a large sample of non-malformed liveborn infants to estimate consanguinity in various populations of South America (13). The authors observed that low paternal education and occupation levels were positively associated with consanguinity. It was further observed that consanguineous couples more frequently lived in smaller towns and in an extend-Consanguinity in Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, PakistanJabeen N and Malik Sed family environment (12). In a study carried out in Spain, Fuster and Colantonio witnessed that CU was associated with economic variables BQ-123MedChemExpress BQ-123 whereas second-cousin marriages corresponded largely to rural areas (14). Kerkeni and colleagues studied two very different societies, i.e. Tunisia and Croatian islands and observed high consanguinity levels in both of these populations (11). They argued t.N than not reduce the salience of gendered structural constraints in modern workplaces. At the same time, access to supportive policies alone may not fully eliminate gendered patterns, given the resilience of shared beliefs and expectations about gender and work in American culture. Because shared gender beliefs still prescribe women greater responsibility for caregiving and men greater responsibility for earning, work-family policies designed to restructure employer expectations around earner-caregiver employees are more directly relevant to women’s experiences than men’s. As a result, men may be less likely to recognize the ways that the availability of such policies could broaden their own options for organizing work and family responsibilities.Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author ManuscriptAm Sociol Rev. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 February 01.Pedulla and Th audPageEmpirical PredictionsThe two theoretical claims articulated above ?that both men and women would ideally prefer egalitarian relationships if it were a possible option and that institutional arrangements, such as supportive work-family policies, have the power to further shape these relationship p
Consanguineous unions (CU) are common in many countries of the Middle East, Africa, and Asia, including Pakistan (1-3). Populations practising such marriages include not only those isolated by geographical or sociocultural factors but also cultures where CU is a preferred choice (3,4). Various reasons advocated in favour of CU include economic benefits and the protection of property/land. It is also a common argument that marriage among close relatives offers advantages in terms of close family ties, compatibility of the bride with husband’sCorrespondence and reprint requests: Dr. Sajid Malik Assistant Professor Human Genetics Program Department of Animal Sciences Quaid-i-Azam University 45320 Islamabad Pakistan Email: [email protected] Fax: +92-51-family, stable relationships, and a low divorce rate (5). Another reason for CU is the ease of marriage arrangements (5,6). Various religious sects consider marriages among close kins a part of their faith. For instance, certain families in Pakistan, particularly the Syed are reluctant to marry the non-Syed (7-9). The practice of consanguineous marriages is influenced by cultural, social, economic, religious, geographic and demographic factors (9-11). It is generally perceived that consanguinity is more prevalent among the underprivileged in the society. Hussain and Bittles observed a negative association between CU and maternal education in the Muslim population of India (12). Liascovich et al. recruited a large sample of non-malformed liveborn infants to estimate consanguinity in various populations of South America (13). The authors observed that low paternal education and occupation levels were positively associated with consanguinity. It was further observed that consanguineous couples more frequently lived in smaller towns and in an extend-Consanguinity in Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, PakistanJabeen N and Malik Sed family environment (12). In a study carried out in Spain, Fuster and Colantonio witnessed that CU was associated with economic variables whereas second-cousin marriages corresponded largely to rural areas (14). Kerkeni and colleagues studied two very different societies, i.e. Tunisia and Croatian islands and observed high consanguinity levels in both of these populations (11). They argued t.