Anthus sp. (Coombes and Ramsay 2001) in vegetation studies of cushion mires in northern Ecuador as a result may perhaps correspond to P. caryonauta in element or full, but confirmation is necessary. Paepalanthus caryonauta is readily distinguished from standard P. YKL-05-099 biological activity pilosus and P. dendroides by the obtuse leaf guidelines, and by the sepals uniformly thickened and persistent in fruit, to kind an ovoid-ellipsoid diaspore. Even in anthesis, the sepals of P. caryonauta are about twice as broad at the base as those of P. pilosus and P. dendroides. Paepalanthus caryonauta also can be recognized by eye on account of subtle variations in aspect and leaf orientation, together with the leaves normally flatter and much more ascending, i.e., lessNancy Hensold / PhytoKeys 64: 17 (2016)Table 1. Character comparison of P. caryonauta, P. dendroides, and P. pilosus.Paepalanthus dendroides Habitat Terrestrial or emergent aquatic; 1900200 m; to 3900 m in Cuzco Convex-acute to acute, cuspidate Glabrous to persistently hirsutulous; not ciliate 2030 mm 3 mm 1.2.9 mm Paepalanthus pilosus Paepalanthus caryonautaTerrestrial, not in standing water; (2900 3100000 (300) m. Acute, cuspidate to shortaristate Glabrous (N) to pilose (S); typically prominent long scattered cilia (N) 1.5 mm (fl); 2000 mm (fr) 3 mm (S); three mm (N) (1.four two.0.7 mm Narrowly rounded; if cuspidate, tip sharply deflexed Early glabrate; not ciliate 75 mm three mmLeaf apex shape Leaf pubescence at adaxial apex; at distal margins Peduncles Capitulum diameter Sepal length Sepals in fruit Petals: Length/Width Nectaries Nectary position flower Seeds1.3.0 mm Thickened throughout; Hygroscopic thickening along basal midline; detaching from non-hygroscopic, fruit at maturity. (Except P. pilosus var. leoniae) enclosing fruit L/W = 1.6.three L/W = (23 L/W = two.two.5 Broadly spatulate, densely pilose Oblanceolate, usu. acute, Oblanceolate-spatulate, along upper margin sparingly tufted obtuse; sparingly tufted Colorless (N) to pale pink-brown Dark red-brown, rigid, erect and exsert in old (S); weak, partly collapsed in old flowers. flowers Only about half-reaching the Reaching the corolla tube sinuses. corolla sinuses. Pink to orange-brown; Red-brown; pseudotrichomes separating when wet, pseudotrichomes weak remaining erect (N) and (S) refer to northern and southern components of species distribution.conduplicate and recurved than is normally observed in P. pilosus. Boeke, who collected P. pilosus and an intermediate kind of P. caryonauta in the similar locality (see below), noted that in P. pilosus, the cushions were “easy to separate” and in P. aff. caryonauta, “difficult to separate.” Inside the Cordillera Vilcabamba Dudley reported cushions up to 3 feet in diameter (Dudley 11194). On the other hand in disturbed roadside p amo at Acjanaco, Young and Cano (1994) comment on the paucity of cushion plants, and usually do not recognize P. caryonauta (“P. pilosus”) as a significant cushion plant species. For other differentiating characters, see Table 1. Paepalanthus caryonauta features a more uniform morphology all through its variety than its close relatives. On the other hand, in Colombia and Ecuador the plants have less thickening inside the leaves and flowers, the presence of a short pedicel in PubMed ID:http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20106880 the staminate flowers, and peduncles normally shorter at flowering time, approaching those of P. pilosus in length. Hybridization. Paepalanthus caryonauta and P. pilosus are mostly allopatric, but in Colombia there are points of get in touch with exactly where intermediates take place. Typical P. caryonautaThe Andean Paepalanthus pilosus complex (Eriocaulacea.
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